Wave motion and sound department of physics and astronomy. Frequency is given the symbol f and is measured in. The description of water waves above is greatly oversimplified to demonstrate the nature of sinusoidal transverse waves. A sound wave traveling at 350 ms has a frequency of 500 hz.
Sound lies at the very center of speech communication. A wave is the disturbance produce in the medium from an equilibrium condition which travels with the finite velocity in the region of space. Chapter 10 wave motion 343 would look like if our eyes were sensitive to very subtle pressure variationsfigure 10. Wave motion, propagation of disturbancesthat is, deviations from a state of rest or equilibriumfrom place to place in a regular and organized way. This online book uses a series of tutorials based on interactive simulations and animations to explore the physics of sound. All the exercise of chapter 16 sound waves questions with solutions to help you to revise complete syllabus and score more marks.
This particular model, designed by friedrich fessel and julius. The nature of simple harmonic motion as periodic, in contrast with noise, which is nonperiodic, is pointed out very early on. If the string is very long compared position as the pulse or wave passes through them. There are less visible but equally pervasive sound waves and electromagnetic waves. Wave motionis the disturbance, set up in the medium, due to the repeated periodic motion of the particles of the medium and travels from the particle to particle, the particles themselves keep vibrating about their mean positions. And this type of wave, where the direction of the disturbance is the same, or along the same axis as the direction in which the wave is travelling the wave is travelling in that direction this is call a longitudinal wave. Frequency of the wave f is the number of waves passing a given point in a unit of time. Sound waves, intensity level, decibels, beat frequency. This note explains the physics of waves and oscillations including sound, elastic and electromagnetic waves. This physics textbook is designed to support my personal teaching activities at duke university, in particular teaching its physics 141142, 151152, or 161162 series introductory physics for life science majors, engineers, or potential physics majors, respectively. Sound waves longitudinal wave figure credits serway and jewett, physics for scientists and engineers 6 th ed. An epub edition is also available in the apple itunes store. This undergraduate textbook on the physics of wave motion in optics and acoustics.
Even more important, though only touched on in this book, is the wave phenomenon of quantum mechanics, built into the fabric of our space and time. In transverse waves the particles of the medium move perpendicular to. Traveling waves appear only after a thorough exploration of onedimensional standing waves. Much of our current understanding of wave motion has come from the study of acoustics. Wave motion is classified into three different ways they are, the medium of propagation, the dimensions in which a wave propagates energy, the energy transfer. Introduction and types a wave is a transfer of energy through a medium from one point to another. Wave motion is the transfer of energy and momentum from one point of the medium to another point of the medium without actual transport of matter between two points. This is an interactive, online etext on the physics of sound. Introduction to the physics of waves and sound uvic. So sound waves sound through air, theyre longitudinal waves. As any one of these waves moves through a medium, the wave produces.
When a sound source moves faster than the speed of sound, a shock wave is produced as the sound waves interfere. Hearing is the perception of sound, just as seeing is the perception of visible light. Most familiar are surface waves on water, but both sound and light travel as wavelike disturbances, and the motion of all subatomic particles exhibits wavelike properties. The book opens, appropriately, with a discussion of simple harmonic motion, with the properties of this type of motion related to sound waves. Examples of wave motion include waves on strings, water waves, seismic waves.
Ancient greek philosophers, many of whom were interested in music, hypothesized that there was a connection between waves and sound, and that vibrations, or disturbances, must be responsible for sounds. Pdf sound waves are the most common examples of longitudinal waves. Wave and motion grade 12 physics notes khullakitab. V v p v energy energy particle motion particle motion. Conceptual ideas develop logically and sequentially, ultimately leading into the mathematics of the topics. Part 2 wave motion and sound the general discussion of wave motion is important because the ideas of wave propagation are ubiquitous. The frequency of a wave is the number of complete waves passing a fixed point in a given amount of time. The same holds for rope waves, sound waves in air, etc. This physics video tutorial explains the concept of sound waves and how shows you how to calculate the wavelength, frequency, and velocity of sound waves. Students develop their understanding of waves through guided questions and exercises based on these simulations. Wave motion as inquiry the physics and applications of. A wave is a disturbance which propagates energy and momentum from one place to the other without the transport of matter. The disturbance can be mass density, pressure, or electric field depending on the physical context.
In the most general sense, sound is the propagation of density waves through some medium. The form of the dependence of the traveling wave parameters upon each other is a consequence of the basic motion equation and the definitions of the the terms which describe periodic motion. In the case of sound waves, the vibrations create a series of compressions and expansions and the wave travels along the compression in the direction of the propagation. This undergraduate textbook on the physics of wave motion in optics and acoustics avoids presenting the topic abstractly in order to emphasize realworld examples. For example, a wave generated at 60 cycles per second has a frequency of 60 hz and. The oscillations are normal to the direction of wave motion along the string, so this is an example of transverse wave. Each lesson includes informative graphics, occasional animations and videos, and check your understanding sections that allow the user to practice what is. Bending waves in a beam or plate, and water waves are a mixture of shear and longitudinal waves. In the previous chapter, we studied the motion of objects. Waves a wave is a disturbance that pppg gropagates through space and time, usually with transferrance of energy. E youngs modulus for a solid material, or the bulk modulus for a fluid.
A traveling wave or pulse that causes the elements of the medium to move parallel to the direction of propagation is called a longitudinal wave. Echolocation waves can have frequencies of about 100,000 hz. Because of the central role played by sound in speech communication, it is important to have a good. In nearly all areas of science and therefore real life energy is transferred via the vibrations that make up waves. Wave motion transfers energy from one point to another, which may or may not displace particles. The wave in which the particle experiences displacement parallel to the direction of the propagation. Revision notes on waves and sound waves askiitians.
How to develop effective study habits mar, 2020 pdf view jh sir physical chemistry notes for class 12 mar 8, 2020 pdf nv sir 11th class physics notes for jee and boards feb 27, 2020 pdf download nv sir physics notes complete for jee feb 22, 2020. How can it make sense to use the same word wave for all these disparate. The wave equation outline of mechanical waves longitudinal and transverse waves waves in a string, sound waves the wave equation description of waves using functions of two variables travelling waves the wave equation 0 y v y 1 2 2 2 2 2. The physics of waves version date february 15, 2015.
A physics book for high schools and colleges augustine, kingsley on. On the atomic scale, sound is a disturbance of atoms that is far more ordered than their thermal motions. Wave motion cliffsnotes study guides book summaries. For example, in a transverse wave traveling along a string, each point in the string oscillates back and forth in the transverse direction not along the direction of the string.
I hope to emphasize that the physics of standing waves is the same. Wave motion as inquiry the physics and applications of light and. The speed of a wave through connected harmonic oscillators depends on the. These pressure disturbances move out into the surrounding air at approximately 330 meters per second i. The period t is the time for one wave to pass a given point. Waves and oscillations by matthew jones download book. So that particles can return to their mean position, after having been disturbed. A sound wave is both the end product of the speech production mechanism and the primary source of raw material used by the listener to recover the speakers message. The default wave function is sinusoidal but any other analytic function can be entered in the text box. The wave function plotter model displays a onedimensional wave function ux,t depicting a disturbance at position x and time t. While a mechanical wave exists in a medium which on deformation is capable of producing elastic restoring forces waves ofproducing elastic restoring forces, waves of. The physics classroom tutorial presents physics concepts and principles in an easytounderstand language. The physical phenomenon of sound is a disturbance of matter that is transmitted from its source outward.
Entire books are written on how to find the solution. Pdf download allen jee mains 2020 minor and major test papers with solutions apr 12, 2020. Espinoza also relies on students own experience to guide their learning. Detection of the original signal will usu ally involve these. Lecture 11 chapter 16 waves i university of virginia.
The particle in the water moves in a circular path as the wave goes by. Longitudinal waves two different motions to describe in a wave. Newtons laws of motion allen physics particle kinematics allen physics practical physics allen physics rotational motion allen physics temperature scales allen physics wave theory allen physics work energy allen physics this website is created solely for jee aspirants to download pdf, ebooks, study materials for free. Repeated motion sends out periodic sound waves p p. Free pdf download of hc verma solutions for class 11 physics part1 chapter 16 sound waves solved by expert physics teachers on. In a longitudinal sound wave propagating in a gas, the vibrations are the displacements of the air molecules or pressure or density.
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